Life After Truth - Original Writing Essay - 885 Words

Life After Truth The day I found out that my parents were actually my grandparents was the most surreal day of my entire life. I woke up thinking that I knew who I was, only to have that shattered in a matter of minutes. I never had any idea that I was adopted until the day my â€Å"parents† finally decided to tell me. They had always been my parents, and I knew I did not look like them, but I always joked around and claimed I was the mailman’s daughter. I never knew that I was not their biological child. Finding out this information was a hard thing to take in, but it is something that I have come to appreciate. The day my adoptive parents told me that I was adopted was the day I questioned everything. I remember the day my parents told me I was adopted like it was yesterday. I was in seventh grade sitting in Coach Woods’s third period class, when the secretary called for me to check out. I walked into the parking lot and saw my dad sitting in his truck waiting for me. My first instinct was to freak out and wonder what was wrong because my dad had never checked me out of school before. I got in the truck and immediately started asking him what was wrong and if someone had died. He just laughed at me and assured me nothing was wrong. He said that he just wanted to spend some time with me. We went to the beauty salon where my mom worked, and she and my older sister, Jennifer, walked outside. I remember my sister saying â€Å"when I was fifteen, I found out I was pregnant with you,Show MoreRelatedWork Report, English Extension 21534 Words   |  7 PagesYear 12 English Extension 2 Work Report â€Å"Children and fools speak the truth† From the many different options of major works available in Extension 2, I chose to write a short story as the creative aspect of this option was appealing. The reality of this course was not exactly what I had initially expected, and the first two terms which were nearly purely investigative were challenging. 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Essay1341 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Bible is a special revelation from God to man of truths concerning Himself, His purposes, His plans, His will, man and his sinful nature, and God’s redemptive plan for man.† This quote by Gene Nowlin in his book The Paraphrased Perversion of the Bible summarizes the composition of the Bible. Throughout life, Christians grasp tightly to these words of God in hopes to inherit the Kingdom of God one day. In order to do this, they must study the Bible closely and apply it to their lives daily.Read MoreShakespeares Romeo and Juliet vs. West Side Story Essay735 Words   |  3 PagesRomeo Juliet vs. West Side Story Shakespeares is one of the most read writers ever and his writing was so successful that not just one group of people liked it. He did this by relating to his audience using universal truths. . Human emotions are not something that change over time and they are also known as universal truths; love, hate, revenge, and envy are all examples of universal truths. This play was so successful that many other movies have copied the plot but changed the scenery. OverRead MoreUnderstanding A Literary Work Of The Book Meaning 1645 Words   |  7 Pagesliterary work, especially the question that asks, who owns the book’s ‘meaning’. Even though the reader derives the meanings, they can discover the author’s original meaning as well as form their own interpretations. However, the main question revolves around which displays the most importance; the reader’s interpretation or the author’s original message. In 1967, Roland Barthes and E.D. Hirsch Jr. published two separate works that discuss this problem between the author and meaning. While each work

Kylinn Boyer #4. Octa 242 Productive Aging . Instructor

Kylinn Boyer #4 OCTA 242 Productive Aging Instructor: Witsken 2 March 2017 Smoking Cessation and Elder Wellness General Overview of Topic As we age, it affects overall functioning and our organ systems. By smoking cigarettes, elders can increase their risk for getting a life threatening disease or progressing one they may already have. It is important for elders to stop smoking cigarettes and focus on their overall health. Elders can achieve smoking cessation by receiving occupational therapy services promote healthy habits, recognize triggers, and balance daily occupations properly. According to The American Heart Association, older adults were smoking cigarettes long before there was any extensive research on the effects of†¦show more content†¦Older adults tend to have more surgeries. Therefore, quitting smoking prior to surgery would be beneficial because smokers have a more difficult time recovering. Overall, individuals who smoke cigarettes are 2 to 3 times more likely to develop cataracts, which is the number one cause of blindness in the United States and world wide. For older women, after menopause the bones become weak. Smoking in addition to having weaker or less dense will progress and worsen the process. Therefore, it is easier to break weak and brittle bones, making an increased risk for hip fractures. For older men, intimacy may be affected by smoking (Polito, J. R., 2015). There are approximately 4,000-7,000 chemicals in cigarette smoke. Chemicals included are: nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, arsenic, acetone, benzene, butane, Cadmium and DDT. The chemicals previously listed are typically found within nail polish remover, hair dye, rat poison, rubber cement, active ingredients in battery acid, embalming fluid, and materials for paving roads. Forty-three of the chemicals within a cigarette are known cancer-causing compounds, and over 400 other toxins. In addition, depending on the type of cigarette that is smoked, the effects could be even more harmful to one’s body by containing more additives and chemicals than others (Kleinman, L., M.D., D. M., M.P.H., 2016). Promoting Wellness in Elders â€Å"Cigarette smoke damages the cells lining the

Environment Impact Aerial Tours

Question: Discuss about theEnvironment Impact for Aerial Tours. Answer: Introduction: Environmental Impact Assessment, also known as EIA for short, encompasses a step by step process of gauging the impact of a business proposal on the environment. The motive behind this study is to discern some ideas to reduce any adverse impact on environment. UNEP (United Nations Environment Program) has sustained this concept as an acceptable approach to be used in the appraisal of a business proposal regarding its environmental impact. It facilitates alternative methods that are less deteriorating for the environment. The scope of EIAs plans, programs and policies is increasing day by day. (Morrison-Saunders Arts, 2012) Case study- Aerial Tours A company named Aerial Tours wants to conduct an environmental impact assessment of its new business proposal before reaching to a final decision. The business line of this company includes carrying out operations of chairlifts and cable cars for tourists. The new proposal is to build a cable car with aerial features. It will be constructed at Adelaide Hills of Mt. Lofty. For this purpose, they have chosen to plant their base station at Waterfall Gully. The project also includes construction of a building at the base station from where cable cars will be operated and there will also be a room for ticket office. Besides that, towers at a specified distance and cable cars at a distance interval of 200 metres will also be assembled or created. So, an assessment is to be done regarding the propositions bearing on the environment. A Brief of EIA Directives by EU in Context of Aerial Tours Development Act, South Australia (1993) came into being to supervise the acts of organizations that may impact natural diversity adversely. It aimed at maintaining the construction of buildings so as to conserve natural wealth as well. Environmental impact assessment directives given by European Commission in 1985 cover many public and private enterprises and guide them if they need to conduct an assessment regarding environmental impact of their practices (Barker Wood, 1999). Annex 1 of environmental impact assessment directives (85/337/EEC) asks to conduct EIA mandatorily if a business proposal is having a serious influence on the environment. It has laid various criteria beyond which waste or damage created by any company is subjected to carry out EIA and identify alternative methods to reduce degradation. For such organizations, EIA is a prescribed activity. If the companys proposal comes under Annex 2 of EIA Directives, then EIA is considered as discretionary for them. This implies that the authorities will decide whether the company should go for EIA or not, depending on the severity and intensity of potential damages that can occur due to its business proposal. For this, they conduct a screening procedure that compares the companys activities with the guidelines provided in Annex 2 (Bond Wathern, 1999). I believe Aerial Tours should be listed under Annex 2 since it will not have a major impact on the vegetation and flora- fauna resources of the locality. However, the construction of a large scale cable chair system will have an adverse impact on nearby water bodies and other natural resources. For example, construction of base line station will impact the natural foliage. So, a screening procedure is required to ascertain whether EIA should be conducted. Hence, EIA is discretionary for this company. Scoping and Screening of Aerial Tours Proposal While conducting an EIA for a companys proposition, the first two steps to be acted upon are screening and scoping. Screening is about checking the validity of a proposal regarding environmental concerns. It gives advance warning regarding any environmental damage so that it can be mitigated. Then scoping is done to ascertain various influences (social, cultural or natural) in detail (Slootweg Kolhoff, 2003). Scoping Techniques Checklist technique: Only the heads of environmental concerns are jotted down in a list and those options are checked which are being impacted by the business practice. Details can be added, if required. Such checklists are known as descriptive checklist. Further improvements in the technique also allow ranking these aspects according to relative significance. Matrix technique: It encompasses the features of checklist and also provides a summary of entire study. Leopolds matrix is an outstanding example. Network technique: This technique presents interrelationship between environmental aspects and corporate activities. They are of different types like sequence diagrams, impact trees, etc. Overlay technique: Mapping is used in this technique. Different plans are mapped and they all are studied simultaneously to give a composite effect. (Snell Cowell, 2006) Scoping Matrix Influencing factors Activities related to the proposal of Aerial Tours Base station Cable cars Towers Ticket office Physical factors Land 7 - 4 3 Water 5 2 7 2 Air 2 3 - - Noise 6 7 3 2 Biological factors Flora 4 2 4 1 Fauna 1 - 4 1 Socio- cultural factors Accidents possibility - 8 3 - (Josimovic et al., 2014) This matrix is inspired by Leopolds matrix for environmental impact assessment. It has been prepared by first ascertaining different major activities of the proposal of underlying company. Then a screening procedure has been undertaken to identify various environmental aspects that are prone to degradation due to this project. Based on both the lists, various rankings based on the intensity of damages are given. Physical factors are considered to be the most prominent. Construction of base station will degrade natural land, hence given high ranking. Water bodies of nearby area will be impacted due to electricity or other requirements. Apart from this, if we consider biological factors, flora and fauna will be impacted mildly by the projects operations. Accidents, under the head of socio- cultural factors, have been given high ranking due to high possibility of failure of cable cars as evident by past records. Besides that, noise pollution will also be a major factor to be considered. Although EIA is discretionary for this organization but it is recommended to undergo this assessment once (Wood, 2000). Critical Component to Be Revised I believe noise pollution and degradation of water bodies are the major factors. The company needs to revise their actions regarding these components. Some alterative operations should be looked for to reduce the adverse impact on the environment. For this, a detailed base line research is required. It should start from identifying the major issues of the above discussed components. Then, alternatives should be identified that can be implemented in this context. Those alternatives are also required to be evaluated thoroughly. Then, the best possible action should be chosen (Huettner et al., 2009). References Barker, A. Wood, C., 1999. An evaluation of EIA system performance in eight EU countries. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 19(4), pp.387-404. Bond, A. Wathern, P., 1999. EIA in the European Union. Handbook of Environmental Impact Assessment. In Blackwell Science, Oxford. pp.223-48. Huettner, M., Leemans, R., Kok, K. Ebeling, J., 2009. A comparison of baseline methodologies for'Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation. Carbon balance and management, 4(1), p.4. Josimovic, B., Petric, J. Milijic, S., 2014. The Use of the Leopold Matrix in Carrying Out the EIA for Wind Farms in Serbia. Energy and Environment Research, 4(1). Morrison-Saunders, A. Arts, J., 2012. Assessing impact: handbook of EIA and SEA follow-up. Earthscan. Slootweg, R. Kolhoff, A., 2003. A generic approach to integrate biodiversity considerations in screening and scoping for EIA. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 23(6), pp.657-81. Snell, T. Cowell, R., 2006. Scoping in environmental impact assessment: Balancing precaution and efficiency? Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 26(4), pp.359-76. Wood, C., 2000. Screening and scoping. Environmental assessment in developing and transitional countries. pp.71-84.

Speech Critique Billy Joel Essay Example For Students

Speech Critique: Billy Joel Essay Speech Critique Billy Joel is a very well known musician that is respected and acknowledged all around the world. I think he was an appropriate speaker for a college graduation. He used one question at the beginning of the speech that would catch the audiences curiosity; â€Å"Why do musicians give so much time to charitable causes? and branched out from there to important issues. I think this showed a sense of organization and importance to the issue of why he was there. From the commencement of the speech Billy Joel set a personal and comfortable tone. He spoke to the graduates on a level of equality using phrases like â€Å"maybe its because we know†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , and â€Å"Our experience is not so different from those who march to the beat of a different drummer.† Which also served as a pun. He used phrases like â€Å"common emotion† and referred to musicians like â€Å"family†. He was able to relate to the graduates and made it easy for the graduates to relate to him, giving reused questions like â€Å"when are you going to get a real job? When are you going to get serious about life?† that musicians are often faces with. He also uses the technique of mentioning famous names to catch the attention of the audience. I also noticed that he chose musicians from different types of music and different times in history he went from Beethoven to Milli Vanilli to Bob Marley. So pretty much everyone could relate. Since Billy Joel has been so successful, his past experiences can be a way learning and encouragement for the graduates. He refers back to when he was 19 and explains how his career began. He spoke about his â€Å"little jobs† and how he was barely making enough money to pay his bills. Most of the graduates are probably going through that stage in their life now. I think he referred to this as a sense of motivation for the graduates. Throughout the speech he gives out tips and advice about making it in the entertainment world. Since he is so respected as a musician this advice is valuable to the graduates. He made music sound like the most important thing in the world, which I think gave a lot of importance to the graduates. He called the talent they had a gift that only unique people like them had. The way he explained music, made musicians sound like the center of it all; music heals, encourages, and even persuades people. It gave the graduates a feeling of importance like their role in society can make a difference in the world. Overall I enjoyed this speech. I think it was appropriate since it was so encouraging. These graduates are about to embark on a new stage in life filled with fears and insecurities and they need all the advice an encouragement they can get. He spoke on a very down to earth level, which made it easy to understand and relate. I think every graduate could leave that speech feeling Billy Joel was not only a role model but also a friend. Speech and Commmunications

Evaluating Human Resource Planning At Shandrani Hotel Tourism Essay Essay Example

Evaluating Human Resource Planning At Shandrani Hotel Tourism Essay Essay For any concern to execute good, it must get and optimise the deployment of people with endowment. Identifying the right endowment to make full peculiar places and functions is critical to an organisation s effectual operation. All, excessively frequently, though, concerns fail to give sufficient attending to this issue. Organizations and occupations will neer be the same everlastingly. Changes are based on the planetary economic system, on altering engineering, on our altering work force, on cultural and demographic alterations, and on the altering nature of work itself. We need to larn new accomplishments and develop new abilities, to react to these alterations in our lives, our callings, and our organisations. HR planning is a determination devising procedure that combines three of import activities which are: identifying and geting the right figure of people with the proper accomplishments, actuating them to accomplish high public presentation and making synergistic links between concern aims and people be aftering activities. The intent of this assignment is to document on the human resource planning at Shandrani Hotel as HR planning is based on the belief that people are an organisation s most of import strategic resource. We will seek to demo how far theory can be put into pattern as it is hard to foretell the hereafter and besides the policies and schemes within the organisation can switch all of a sudden from one precedence to the other. Furthermore there is deficiency of grounds that Human Resource Planning truly works as there has been small research grounds of increased usage or of its success. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluating Human Resource Planning At Shandrani Hotel Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluating Human Resource Planning At Shandrani Hotel Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluating Human Resource Planning At Shandrani Hotel Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer To measure future demand of new staff both in footings of Numberss and of degrees of accomplishments and competencies, explicating and implementing programs to run into those demands through proper enlisting and preparation. Due to immense competition and globalization around the universe, directors have, to develop and develop their employees to do them more efficient in the workplace. Human resource planning refers to the procedure of using the right individual for the right occupation. In all industry, administration have now realised the importance of human resource planning, and all administration may hold different attack to HRP, nevertheless, this assignment lays focal point in one specific sector, that is the touristry sector. Tourism sector which is labour intensive compared to other industries, for case, sugar industry which is machine intensive. Therefore the application of human resource be aftering shall differ and be applied harmonizing to the demand of the administration. Chapter 1 gives an thought about what is the place of touristry in Mauritius, we can therefore deduce from past figures that tourism industry is turning, therefore really profitable for Mauritanian economic system Chapter 2 defines the Human Resource planning since its twelvemonth of debut to its existent usage in the market. We have compiled the positions of assorted theoreticians on HRP. Chapter 3 shows the processs followed to garner information for the assignment, with peculiar mention to Shandrani Resort and Spa. Chapter 4 gives an overview about Beachcomber group and nowadayss Shandrani Resorts and Spa. Chapter 5 will concentrate on the procedure of Human Resource Planning at Shandrani Resort and Spa. Chapter 1: Overview OF TOURISM SECTOR IN MAURITIUS The touristry sector, besides confronting cut-throat competition knew an first-class public presentation for the first semester of 2010. Figures from the Central Statistical Office ( CSO ) of Mauritius has revealed that tourers reachings for the period January-June 2010, has attained its 439,150 compared to 413,504 in the corresponding twelvemonth of 2009, therefore stand foring an addition of 6.2 % . The touristry industry is of such paramount importance for the Mauritanian economic system, that the figures bespeaking the importance for the Mauritanian economic system towards GDP is expected to lift from 26.5 % ( MUR 77.8bn ) to 32.4 % ( MUR216.4bn ) in 2010. The credits of the monolithic additions go to a combination of factors, such as aggressive advertisement runs abroad, the opening up of air entree to the state coupled with the increased capacity of air hoses already functioning the path and the greater consensus amongst all the industry stakeholders. At the terminal of June 2010, there were 104 registered hotels in Mauritius, with a entire room capacity of 11,362 and 23,168 bed topographic points. For the first semester of 2010, the room tenancy rate for all hotels averaged to 64 % compared to 59 % in the corresponding semester of 2009 while the bed tenancy rate was 56 % against 52 % . Datas from Bank of Mauritius indicates that gross touristry grosss for the first semester of 2010 were MUR 19,869m that is an addition of 8.5 % compared to MUR18.249m for the same period of 2009. Based on informations available on tourer reachings for the first six months of the twelvemonth 2010 and information gathered from assorted stakeholders, the Central Statistical Office ( CSO ) and the Mauritius Tourism Promotion Authority ( MTPA ) prognosis of having about 1 million tourers this twelvemonth, stand foring 5 % twelvemonth on twelvemonth. Harmonizing to Bank of Mauritius, touristry grosss for this twelvemonth will be around MUR 935 1000000s, stand foring an addition of 6.3 % over last twelvemonth figures. Furthermore, in order to tap the cordial reception industry in Mauritius, major Indian hotel ironss are sharply puting up hotels in the state. Harmonizing to Vijaye Haulder, Deputy Director, Mauritius Tourism Promotion Authority ( MTPA ) , approximately 5 major cordial reception ironss in India are in negotiations with the Mauritanian authorities for acquiring land to construct hotels. All these hotels are expected to add about 1500 suites in the following three-four old ages. The Sagar Hotel Group which is already running two luxury hotels in Mauritius is be aftering another hotel spread over 20 estates in the state. The touristry industry is a colossal pillar for the Mauritanian economic system because we have a batch to give, sell and portion with the universe. Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 Introducing HRP Organizations are soon runing in a quickly altering and competitory environment. Directors have to optimise the usage of the available employees in order to be competitory. HRP hence attempts to accommodate administration s demands for resources with available supply of labor. HRP therefore consequences in fiting people to the occupation, that is, the right people making the right thing. HRP needs to be adjusted from clip to clip because the ends and aims of an organisation are non stable due to assorted uncertainnesss. 2.1 Defining HRP Walker ( 1980 ) defines it as aˆÂ ¦a direction procedure of analysing an administration s human resource demands under altering conditions and developing the activities necessary to fulfill these demands. Similarly, Vetter ( 1967 ) , Burrack and Mathys ( 1985 ) specify it as a procedure aimed at helping direction to find how the organisation should travel from its current staffing place to its coveted place. Nel et Al ( 2008:216 ) maintains that HR be aftering ensures that a preset sum of employees with appropriate accomplishments, cognition and abilities are available at a specified clip in the hereafter aˆÂ ¦ Hr be aftering hence consistently identifies what is needed to be able to vouch their handiness. As defined by Bulla and Scott ( 1994 ) , it is the procedure for guaranting that the human resource demands of an organisation are identified and programs are made for fulfilling those demands. From the definitions of Human Resource planning proposed by the assorted research workers and practicians, it is possible to try to specify what HRP is in today s fortunes. It is in our footings a direction procedure designed to interpret strategic aims into targeted quantitative and qualitative accomplishment demands, to place the human resource schemes and aims necessary to carry through these demands over both the shorter and the longer footings, As Quinn Mills indicates, human resource planning is a decision-making procedure that combines three of import activities: 1 ) Identifying and geting the right figure of people with the proper accomplishments, 2 ) Motivating them to accomplish high public presentation, and 3 ) Making synergistic links between concern aims and people-planning activities. However, it must be recognized that although the impression of human resource planning is good established in the HRM vocabulary it does non look to be established as a cardinal HR activity. As Rothwell ( 1995 ) suggests: Apart from stray illustrations, there has been small research grounds of increased usage or of its success. She explains the spread between theory and pattern as originating from: The impact of alteration and the trouble of foretelling the hereafter the demand for planning may be the reverse proportion of its feasibleness ; The shifting kaleidoscope of policy precedences and schemes within organisations ; The misgiving displayed by many directors of theory or planning- they frequently prefer matter-of-fact version to conceptualisation ; The deficiency of grounds that human resource planning truly works.and to supply necessary feedback mechanism to measure advancement. Overall the intent of the planning is to raise an institutional acquisition procedure and to bring forth information which can be utilized to back up direction decision-making in all staffing countries. 2.2 The procedure of Human Resource Planning ( HRP ) Organizations engage in the procedure of HRP to place HR demands and the ways of run intoing those demands. Business strategic program ; Defining hereafter activity degrees and enterprises demanding new accomplishments. Resourcing scheme ; Contributes to the preparation and execution of concern schemes. It refers to be after in order to accomplish competitory advantage by developing rational capital using more people than challengers ; these people will hold a wider and deeper scope of accomplishments and act in ways that maximize their contribution-The administration attracts such people by being an employer of pick . Scenario planning ; measuring in wide footings where the administration is traveling in its environment and the deductions for human resource demand. Scenario planning has been reasonably described as a formal procedure but it can besides be regarded as an informal attack to believing about the hereafter in wide footings, based upon an analysis of likely alterations in the external and internal environment. ( Armstrong 2001 ) The following phase in the procedure involves foretelling how the demand for and the handiness of Human resource is likely to alter in the hereafter. Demand prediction ; gauging the hereafter measure and quality of people required. The ideal footing of the prognosis is an one-year budget and longer term concern program, translated into activity degrees for each map and section or determinations on retrenchment. Assorted demand calculating methods are available and they will be analyzed below: managerial or adept judgement This is the most common method and it merely requires direction to sit down and gauge the human resources necessary to accomplish corporate ends. ratio-trend analysis It is carried out by placing past tendencies, utilizing statistical and mathematical techniques and undertaking these into the hereafter to find demands. work-study techniques This is effectual when single constituents of occupations can be measured. This occupation is broken down into distinct undertakings, mensurate the clip taken to finish each constituent and ciphering the sum of labor required. patterning Mathematical mold techniques utilizing computing machines help to fix demand prognosis. Supply prediction ; mensurating the figure of people likely to be available from within and outside the organisation holding allowed for absenteeism, internal motions, and publicities among others. The prognosis will be based on: 1 ) An analysis of the bing human resources in footings of accomplishments, businesss 2 ) Prognosis losingss to bing resources through attrition/labour wastage. 3 ) Prognosis alterations to bing resources through internal publicities 4 ) Effectss of altering status of work and absenteeism 5 ) Beginning of supply from within the organisation 6 ) Beginning of supply from outside the organisation in national and local labor market Analyzing internal human resources The reappraisal of current resources demands to cut organisational and occupational boundaries to supply stock lists of accomplishments and potency. It may be of import 1 ) To cognize how many people with possible publicity exist and where they can be found 2 ) To cognize how many people have particular accomplishments and abilities in the organisation 3 ) To place the jobs that may originate from retirement In fact the above can assist to guarantee that the organisation is doing the most efficient usage of its existing resources and can assist to place any possible job countries. Analysing external supply External supply of possible employees demands to be indentifies- some factors which can hold of import impacts on the supply of work force at local and national market are: Population densenesss within range of company The attraction of the company as a topographic point to work in The consequence of altering educational forms, pupils remaining longer in schools Analyzing demand and supply prognosiss The demand and provide prognosis can so be analyzed to find whether there are any shortages or excesss in human resource. This provides the footing for enlisting, keeping and if ineluctable, downsizing programs. Accommodating demand and supply In instance there is a labour deficit, the followers should be adopted Increase external supply Change footings and conditions Alter enlisting and choice patterns Alter enlisting choice standards AND Increase internal supply Reduce absenteeism Training and development of bing staff Alter internal motion form Improve keeping If of all time there is a labour supply, these options should be undertaken: Decrease supply Career interruptions Early retirement Compulsory/ voluntary redundancy Assisted calling alteration and alternate employment AND Discourage Retention Part-time contract Short term contract Labour turnover analysis It refers to the analysis of the figure of people go forthing the administration. It provides informations for usage in supply prediction, so that computations can be made on the figure of people lost who may hold to be replaced. Furthermore, an analysis of the figure of departers and the grounds behind their go forthing the company will bespeak whether actions are needed to better keeping rates. The most common method of mensurating labour turnover is expressed as follows: Number of departers in a specific period x 100 Average figure of employees during same period This step is used most efficaciously on a comparative footing and often provides the footing for internal and external benchmarking. Probes into grounds for turnover are undertaken via issue interviews and departer questionnaires or even through attitude studies. Reasons for go forthing are: More wage Better calling chances More security Poor relationships with director or squad leader Bullying, torment Labour turnover can be really dearly-won since it represents an chance cost of clip spent by HR and Line Manager in enlisting, loss originating from cut down input from new starting motors until they are fully-trained, direct costs of presenting initiation class. Work-environment analysis It refers to the analysis of the environment in which the people work in footings of range it provides for them to utilize and develop their accomplishments and achieve satisfaction. Operational effectivity analysis Analyzing productiveness, the use of people and the range for increasing flexibleness to react to new and changing demand. Human Resource Plans The HR programs are derived from the resourcing scheme and takes into history informations from a combination of scenario planning, demand and supply and prediction and labour turnover analysis. Again there is a deficiency of certainty and predictability. The programs frequently have to be short term and flexible because of the trouble of doing steadfast anticipations about HR demand in times of rapid alteration. ( Armstrong 2001: 375 ) Plans need to be prepared in the countries of resourcing, flexibleness, keeping, downsizing and productiveness Resource planning This is chiefly concerned with preparing programs for happening people from within the administration, enrolling externally and pulling high quality campaigners as the employer pick Internal resourcing is the first measure to analyze the handiness of suited people from within the administration, by mentioning t appraisals of possible and a skill database- determinations can be made to advance, redeploy and supply excess preparation to eligible staffs. The enlisting program would include the figure and type of employees required to do up any shortages and when they are needed. The likely beginnings of recruits are colleges, advertisement. Plan for pin downing alternate beginnings such as portion timers How recruitment programme will be conducted Employer of pick program Recruitment programs should include program for pulling good campaigners by guaranting that the organisation will go an employer of pick. Initiatives to go an employer of pick might include Supplying chances for development and calling patterned advance Addressing work life balance issue Better wage bundles Retention Plan Man Fred De Vries ( cited in Williams 2000:28 ) stated that today s high performing artists are like toads in a garden cart: they can leap anytime Assorted organisations recognize this and are turning their attending to cardinal staff. Retention steps can include the undermentioned: Pay and profit competitory rates of wage, flexible benefits Recruitment and choice set appropriate criterions, lucifer people to stations, provide an accurate image of the occupation Training and development good initiation procedures, proviso of development chances to run into the demands of the person and the organisations. Job design, proviso of interesting work every bit much liberty and ream working as possible. Management ensures that directors and supervisors have the accomplishments to pull off expeditiously. Flexibility Plan Planing for increased flexibleness in the usage of Human Resource to enable the organisation to do the best of its people and accommodate fleetly to altering fortunes. Armstrong suggests that the purpose of the flexibleness program should be to Provide for greater operational flexibleness Better the use of employees accomplishments and capablenesss Reduce employment costs Aid to accomplish downsizing swimmingly and avoid the demand for compulsory redundancies Increase productiveness Therefore schemes like occupation sharing, place working, tele working, farm outing and using portion clip workers should be implemented. Productivity Plan It sets out programmes for bettering productiveness and cut downing employment costs in such countries as: Bettering methods, systems and procedures Mechanization, mechanization and cybernation The usage of fiscal and non fiscal inducements Downsizing program The retrenchment program is implemented as last resort if all else fails It may be necessary to cover with unacceptable employment costs/surplus figure of employees by downsizing. The retrenchment program should be based on timing of decreases and the procedure itself. The program should put out the followers: The figure of people who have to travel and when and where this demand to take topographic point A prognosis of the likely Numberss who will be volunteer to go forth Agreement for informing and confer withing with employees and their trade brotherhoods 2.3 Purposes of HRP Planning of human resource is highly of import as it enables the optimal usage of the most valuable plus of an organisation in the attainment of its aims and ends. To happen spreads and invent solutions. As we say, cipher programs to neglect ; they merely fail to be after. To pull and retain the figure of people with the appropriate accomplishments, expertness and competences To expect the jobs of possible excess and shortages of people To develop a well trained and flexible work force, therefore lending to the organisation s ability to accommodate to an unsure and altering environment To cut down dependance on external enlisting when key accomplishments are in short supply by explicating keeping every bit good as employee development schemes. 2.4 Factors impacting HRP Employment HRP is affected by the employment state of affairs in the state i.e. in states where there is greater unemployment ; there may be more force per unit area on the company, from authorities to name more people. Similarly some company may coerce deficit of skilled labors and they may hold to name people from other states. Technical alterations in the society Technology alterations at a really fast velocity and new people holding the needed cognition are required for the company. In some instances, company may retain bing employees and learn them the new engineering and in some instances, the company has to take bing people and appoint new. Organizational alterations Changes take topographic point within the organisation from clip to clip i.e. the company diversify into new merchandises or shut down concern in some countries etc. in such instances the HRP procedure i.e. naming or taking people will alter harmonizing to state of affairs. Demographic alterations Demographic alterations refer to things mentioning to age, population, composing of work force etc. A figure of people retire every twelvemonth. A new batch of alumnuss with specialisation turns out every twelvemonth. This can alter the assignment or the remotion in the company. Deficit of accomplishment due to labor turnover Industries holding high labour turnover rate, the HRP will alter invariably i.e. many new assignments will take topographic point. This besides affects the manner HRP is implemented. Multicultural work force Workers from different states travel to other states in hunt of occupation. When a company plans its HRP it needs to take into history this factor besides. Pressure groups Company has to maintain in head certain pleasance. Groups like human rights militant, adult female militant, media etc. as they are really capable for making jobs for the company, when issues refering these groups arise, assignment or 2.5 Human resource activities Human Resource ( HR ) planning is imperative to an organisation s success. It serves as an analysis of the current and future demands of the organisation. This procedure helps steer an organisation in several countries, such as staffing, development, preparation, and benefits and compensation designs. Staffing Staff, or forces, planning is one of the most common activities conducted by HR sections, harmonizing to an article on AllBusiness.com. It typically is comprised of utilizing the current staff size and design to foretell staffing degrees for the approaching twelvemonth. HR sections may use a company s strategic program as a resource for information. For illustration, if an organisation intends to establish a new synergistic web site in the undermentioned twelvemonth, the HR section will budget for extra staff to construct and keep the web site. Training and Development HR sections create preparation and employee development programs every bit good. This type of planning must be conducted in progress of the company s demands in order to fix for them, both from fiscal and resource positions. Training for new employees and merchandise rollouts may be included. Teaching current employees new accomplishments is considered an facet of development. Organizations benefit from holding streamlined and consistent preparation plans Career Development Career development is imperative in order to fix an organisation for upcoming retirements, every bit good as to retain long-run employees. Companies need to hold a strategic program on how they intend to replace their direction with qualified leaders. This means that current employees should hold calling route maps and programs that incorporate both short-run and long-run ends. For illustration, if an organisation is groomingA a top, immature sales representative for the direction path in five old ages, preparation should get down now. This may include clip direction classs, categories on how to train others and a wise man plan. Retrenchments When companies foresee an approaching demand to downsize, it s in their best involvement to hold their HR sections program for it in progress to guarantee that the procedure is smooth and orderly, and complies with all legal demands. This type of be aftering besides may forestall loss of cognition and resources. Some companies begin the retrenchment procedure by extinguishing non-essential forces. Others lay off administrative staff, but maintain money-generating places. Organizations may be hit by cases and high unemployment costs if retrenchment is non strategically planned. 2.6 Advantages and disadvantages of HRP HRP, in both its traditional and more modern-day signifiers, can be perceived to hold a figure of distinguishable advantages. First, it is argued that planning can assist to cut down uncertainness every bit long as programs are adaptable. Although unpredictable events do occur, the bulk of organisational alteration does non go on overnight so the planning procedure can supply an component of control, even if it is comparatively short term. Taylor ( 2002: 73-74 ) suggests that in the HR field there is potentially more range for alteration and version in six months than there is in relation to capital investing in new works and machinery. Therefore he argues that many of the premises about the troubles of planning by and large are less relevant to HR. Other advantages relate to the part of be aftering to organisational public presentation, for ex, the planning procedure can do a important part to the integrating of HR policies and patterns with each other and with the concern scheme, i.e. horizontal and perpendicular integrating. Marchington and Wilkinson ( 2002: 280 ) suggest that HR programs can be developed to fit with strategic ends or they can lend to the development of the concern scheme, but conclude that either manner, HRP is perceived as a major facilitator of competitory advantage . Another manner that HRP can lend is by assisting to construct flexibleness into the organisation, either through the usage of more flexible signifiers of work or through designation of the accomplishments and qualities required in employees. IRS ( 2002c ) study that a figure of organisations have predicted that occupations are likely to alter radically over the following few old ages and so are utilizing choice techniques to measure nucleus values instead than job-specific accomplishments. 2.7 Troubles in implementing HRP Planners face important barriers while explicating a Human Resource Planning. The major 1s are the undermentioned: Peoples question the importance of doing human resource patterns future oriented and the function assigned to the practicians in preparation of the organizational schemes. Their statement is simple- there are people when needed offer attractive bundle of benefits to discontinue when you find them in excess. HR practicians are perceived as experts in managing forces affair, but are non experts in pull offing concern. The forces program conceived and formulated by the HR practicians when enmeshed with organizational program, might do the overall strategic program itself faulty. HR information frequently is incompatible with the information used in scheme preparation. Strategic be aftering attempts have long been oriented towards fiscal calculating frequently to the exclusion of other types of information. Conflicting may be between short-run and long-run HR demands. For illustration, there arises a struggle between the force per unit area of acquiring work done on clip and the long term demands, such as fixing people presuming greater duties. Many troughs are of the belief that HR demands can be met instantly because accomplishments are available on the market every bit long as rewards and wages are competitory. These directors fail to recognize that by fall backing to engaging or advancing depending on short term needs entirely, long term issues are neglected. There is struggle between quantitative and qualitative attack to HRP. Some people view HRP as a figure game designed to track flow of people across the sections. These people are purely quantitative attack to be aftering. Others take a qualitative attack and concentrate on single employee concerns such as promotability and calling development. Best consequences are accrued if there is a balance between the qualitative and quantitative attacks. Non engagement of operating directors renders HRP ineffective. HRP is non purely an HR section map. Successful planning needs a co-ordinated attempt on the portion of operating directors and HR forces. Chapter 3: Research AND METHODOLOGY This chapter examines the methodological analysis used to transport out the research study so as to roll up informations for the subject under consideration that is the procedure of Human Resource Planning with peculiar mention to Shandrani Resorts and Spa, member of the Beachcomber Hotels. It involves the scrutiny of the whole research procedure from get downing to stop. 3.1 Problem definition A job good defined is half-solved. Kotter. Human resource planning is assumed to dwell of 4 clear stairss: 1 ) prediction future needs, 2 ) analysing the handiness and supply of labor, 3 ) pulling up programs to run into supply to demand, 4 ) supervising the execution of the program. The chief issue of this assignment is to analyze the procedure of human resource planning and the focal point of the research is on the hotel industry. 3.2 Research aims The study was most specifically carried out at Shandrani Resort and Spa and its aim is To measure future people demands both in footings of Numberss and degree of accomplishments and competencies, explicating and implementing programs to run into those demands in footings of enlisting and preparation. 3.3 Research design For the intent of this assignment, the most appropriate schemes used were explorative and descriptive as the research is analyzing the procedure of HRP. On a first case, an explorative research was made to make a better apprehension of the research of the research job. It took the signifier of an in-depth interview with professionals working at Shandrani, and for the Beachcomber hotels every bit good. The in-depth interview took the signifier of a inquiry list with open-ended inquiries. 3.4 Data aggregation methods Secondary informations Secondary informations were collected from books, diaries, articles, and appropriate web sites. Information about the hotel has been collected from Shandrani Resorts and Spa paperss, viz. the Beachcomber group manual and Shandrani s Livret Daccueil. Primary informations An interview was carried out with top direction to garner primary informations. A questionnaire was hence designed for this intent. ( See Appendix ) Other primary researches Interview with the Director of Shandrani. Face to confront interview with Director of Human Resource. Interview with Director of Beachcomber Training Academy for 3 hours. Interview with the Quality confidence director. Interview with Business Development Officer of SMEDA. 3.5 Design informations aggregation signifier The nucleus portion of the primary research that is the questionnaire was chosen because it is inexpensive and yet effectual method together with a panoply of information from a big mark. This method gave more penetration on the related subject. 3.6 Designing sample and aggregation of informations 3.6.1 Defining mark population The population concerned in this study is the top direction of Shandrani Resort and Spa and of the Beachcomber group because they are the one chiefly concerned with the procedure of Human Resource Planning. We besides tried to look into into the procedure of Human Resource Planning at a parastatal organisation. 3.7 Restrictions Certain confidential informations associating to budgets and others were non disclosed to us by direction because it was against the policy of the company. Chapter 4: Group AND COMPANY PROFILE DREAM IS A Serious Thing 4.0 Beachcomber Hotels History Leader and innovator of the touristry industry in Mauritius, Beachcomber hotels built its first hotel in Mauritius in 1952. Since so, the hotel concatenation has sustained the development of high service degree within the touristry industry and contributed to place Mauritius as one of the sought after finishs in the universe. Beachcomber group has maintained the Mauritanian manner and is non affiliated with Sun Resort. Dream is a serious thing is the corporate signature of Beachcomber hotels. This strap reflects the degree of committedness to excellence in doing dreams come true. Vision and Mission Statement of Beachcomber Hotels Beachcomber s quest for excellence translates into first-class services, qualified and caring forces, elegance and attending to detail. This attack finds extra look in a concern that develops around three cardinal values which are saving of the environment, promotion of environing, communities and publicity of the A « MauritiusA » label. Doctrine of Beachcomber Space Freedom Choice Authencity Quality New Mauritius Hotel Beachcomber group signifiers portion of the group of the New Mauritius Hotels ( NMH ) .Actually, NMHA is aA Mauritian -based company and its chief concern is in theA hospitalityA sector. It owns and manages 8 hotels in Mauritius and 1 hotel in theA Seychelles. NMH has diversified its scope of activity and is really runing an in-flight cateringA concern known as Plaisance Catering and 5 circuit runing companies around the universe. All cordial reception subordinates of NMH operate under the trade name name of Beachcomber Hotels. Each hotel has developed its ain personality while maintaining in head the group s doctrine of advancing Mauritanian values and life style. It is the ground why Beachcomber can specify itself as a group of hotels alternatively of a concatenation of hotels.A Around 4500 Mauritanian employees are recruited straight by Beachcomber hotels. Refering the fiscal facet, Beachcomber has suffered from a decreased in profitableness compared to last twelvemonth. Factors such as economic crisis which occurred in the Euro zone and the ash clouds in Europe doing the cancellation of flights have contributed to a big extent to the decreased its profitableness. Hence, in this challenging environment, NMH grosss for the nine months ended 30 June 2010 were 5.4 % lower at Rs 5,495m. Corporate Social duty As a leader in corporate societal duty, Beachcomber hotels was the first group in Mauritius to take stairss towards sustainable development. In April 1999, Beachcomber group, as a socially witting corporation, created the FED Fondation Espoir et Developpement ( Foundation of Hope and Development ) to supply significant support to Non Governmental Organizations ( NGO s ) . Over the past 10 old ages the hotels have donated Rs200 million ( approx AU $ 10 million ) to Corporate Social duty. Forthcoming undertakings In line with its policy of changeless reclamation, Beachcomber hotels has of import undertakings scheduled to be launched both in Mauritius and overseas. The future programs of Beachcomber group for 2008-2013 are: the gap of Trou aux Biches hotel, the puting up of a 2nd hotel in Seychelles, the gap of Royal thenar Marrakesh in Morocco, the gap of Domaine de lharmonie, a beachcomber Villa. For this assignment we have selected Shandrani Resort and watering place amongst the 9 hotels in the group. SHANDRANI RESORTS AND SPA 4.1 Vision statement United for consequences. 4.2 Mission statement Pleasing our clients at all times. 4.3 Company values The nucleus values are honesty, unity, proactivity, regard and trust. Shandrani, one amongst Beachcomber group s of hotels, which include Royal Palm, Dina Robin, Le Paradis, Trou aux biches, Le Victoria, Le Canonnier, Le Mauricia and Sainte Anne which is abroad. Set on the peaceful and good south-eastern seashore, Shandrani is a high quality to the full inclusive 5-star resort reflecting its exceeding criterions in every facet of nutrient, drinks and other invitee comfortss. Set on a private peninsula lapped by the Blue Bay Marie park rich in sea life, the hotel features broad sea-facing suites and three separate beaches, each with a different mentality. 4.2 Adjustments and installations -Total No of Employees: 900 -Total No of Rooms: 327 -Restaurant and Parallel barss: 7 -Other installations: Wellness Centre, athletics installations, concern Centre, conference room, limousine service, babe Sitter, Wifi/Adsl, Kitesurf school. ( see Appendix ) . 4.3 Critical Success Factors. -Catering up market touristry 25 % Repeat concern -Offering Quality merchandise and Servicess -Investment in preparation and development of employees. -A leader in the peculiar market section. 4.4 Management In brief, Shandrani is the hotel that others are covetous of. Its substructures are mind-boggling. Indeed Shandrani is worth of its five star evaluation. There is no lucifer to it till now in the local context because it is the first high quality to the full inclusive 5-star resort in Mauritius. Chapter 5: HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING AT SHANDRANI 5.0 Defining HRP Harmonizing to the Director of Human Resource of Shandrani, Mr Camille Johnny, HRP is a rational planning in measure and quality of human resources for the smooth running of the organisation. 5.1 The procedure of human resource planning at Shandrani Resorts and Spa. Corporate-Human Resource Advisor Business unit-Shandrani hotel Quantity Requirement for each unit Analysis of measure and quality of hour Forecast demand and supply Internal or external resourcing Initiation plan Recruitment and choice Work environment Brief account of the procedure. The procedure of HRP at Shandrani is a simple one and yet really effectual. At the caput we have the corporate central office which comprises of the Human Resource adviser. Shandrani Resorts and Spa, a concern unit is linked to the corporate. The corporate sets the mark. Then comes the demand and provide prognosis of Human Resources where the Human Resource section of the above- named hotel analyses the measure and quality of human resources required for each unit and they besides see to it whether they are available internally, in-house, if yes, how many are available or should be looked out. If of all time, there is a shortage there are certain steps that Shandrani takes such as apprentice in-house therefore taking advantage of the National apprenticeship Scheme, in-house preparation programme in coaction with the Beachcomber Training Academy, using insouciant workers during peak hours and using direction pupils both from third establishments and the Hotel School. After placing mea sure and quality, comes the procedure of enlisting and choice. After enlisting, a contract is signed. If of all time those recruited are freshmans they go through a full initiation plan or if they were already employed before, they go for a basic initiation plan. Once the initiation plan is over, they join the work environment. HR planning is purely implemented at Shandrani. HR is a high cost component in any organisation because when things goes incorrect, the first thing any organisation does is to cut down on its figure of employees. Shandrani has its ain HR program which is defined by the corporate. It s a manning usher on measure and quality of human resource, and the sort of people required is good defined harmonizing to occupation description. HR planning is decidedly linked to strategic HR since the HR program of shandrani is aligned with the corporate aims of the group which is to concentrate on up market touristry, which implies to hold qualified and good trained staff for service bringing and should be able to react to the criterions set by each hotel. 5.2 Internal and external resourcing After holding forecasted its demand, Shandrani goes about to happen the needed people. Shandrani focuses on internal publicity unless there is no such accomplishments, so it looks externally. Looking for people externally is besides going progressively hard because there is a large shortage in measure required particularly on quality of human resource. Though the figure of unemployed is 42700 yet skilled labor is unavailable. Furthermore even though the touristry industry continues to be an attractive industry, even so the shortage is non coming to an terminal because the new coevals have different mentalities and prefer to work less and hold more societal life. Opportunities in other sectors are really interesting and the ambiance is really attractive. Therefore, they merely do non fall in the hotel industry. Harmonizing to the HR director of Shandrani, though they have an apprenticeship strategy, over a 1 twelvemonth class, after 3 months itself they lose 50 % of their trainees which represents a waste of money and clip every bit good. Therefore to get the better of this shortage particularly during peak period where they have more clients and where tenancy rate is 90 % , Shandrani looks for insouciant employees. It is less expensive and no excess cost is incurred. The hotel already has a database of people who got trained in the company. Shandrani merely goes about to reach them. 5.3 Make or purchase policy determinations Shandrani goes for brand policy determinations that is it recruits trainees, trains in-house and so advancing them harmonizing to public presentation instead than conveying fresh blood in the organisation. 5.4 Recruitment scheme Coming to its enlisting scheme there are certain stairss that it follows. First of all it goes about placing its demands and secondly it advertises in the imperativeness or on the internet.Recruitment is besides done online as it is the instance for Trou aux Biches Hotel. Then selected campaigners go for interview with the section caput. Finally, choice takes topographic point harmonizing to specific demands, makings and skills.Furthermore, Shandrani has something rather new which is the OPQ appraisal. It is a psychometric appraisal[ 1 ]for skilled employees. 5.5 Performance assessment Having the needed measure and quality of human resources, the HR section at Shandrani proctors public presentation of staffs. The Beachcomber hotels has a public presentation assessment system which is applied to all hotels in the group. Therefore, Shandrani evaluates competences on three key elements which are: ( 1 ) cognition, ( 2 ) accomplishments and abilities and ( 3 ) attitude and behavior. At Shandrani, best performing artists are rewarded. They are entitled to a Net income Sharing Scheme, awards for employee of the month and employee of the twelvemonth. To actuate its staffs, a pay which is far above what is prescribed by the authorities is offered, employees are entitled to free staff repast, conveyance installations, medical insurance, fringe benefits among others. What is more dramatic and alone at Shandrani is its remainder and IT countries where staffs have entree to 30 proceedingss internet and they can besides pass on with direction via the intranet on any issue. 5.6 Initiation To develop its accomplishments base, the group has its ain preparation academy and it invests massively in the preparation and development of its staffs. Based on the public presentation assessment and bearing in head the employer s demands and demands, the preparation coordinator devises its preparation program and implements it. At the terminal of the twenty-four hours the staffs are expected to react to their several occupation descriptions. Harmonizing to the Director of the BTA, they are really working on a preparation program to develop endowment at Shandrani. 5.7 Employee turnover At Shandrani, turnover is really low because employees who have worked for the company for 10-15 old ages merely do non desire to go forth. Furthermore Shandrani offers a really attractive pension strategy. Merely new recruits who have been with the company for 1 twelvemonth take the hazard of go forthing. Sometimes the hotel does non let staffs whose competences are still required to go forth. Shandrani tries to retain them on a contractual footing. However for certain specific sections such as Food A ; Beverages, saloon, kitchen and eating house services, turnover is really high. 5.8 Retention When questioned on whether Shandrani has any job in retaining, the HR director answered that the lone job is salary-wise. The lone competitory and motivative factor is salary because all employees enjoy same privileges. He besides pointed out that they can non increase wage because this would be a bargaining. Additionally, this may make defeat in the squad. Hence the salary graduated table at Shandrani is chiseled for each station. In certain state of affairss, the HR director at Shandrani attempts to make an agreement.But still, he can non travel beyond because there is a budget. 5.9 Employer of pick The beachcomber hotels is a really attractive group on the market.Job security which is of first importance and prestigiousness makes the group and Shandrani an employer of pick. 5.10 Future accomplishments required Shandrani will necessitate some new accomplishments such as Spa because there is a high demand and really there is already a shortage for baker, and people in pastry section. 5.11 Budget for HRP Shandrani allocates about 38 % to 40 % of its budget ( confidential figures ) to HRP. It non merely allocates on enlisting, preparation but besides on societal charges such as free medical installations, nutrient installations, productiveness fillip and on net income sharing strategies. 5.11 External success factors There are assorted external factors which have and are still lending to the success of Shandrani such as authorities seeking to pull more Foreign Direct Investment ( FDI ) and besides the MTPA investment in marketing like traveling to India, China among others to pull nuptials. Furthermore the group is besides puting on selling. 5.12 Future programs Shandrani is in negociation with the authorities of Mauritius to supply in-house preparation and possibly really shortly will hold to import manpower to get the better of the shortage on the market. Ultimately the part of HRP has led to the growing of the group and to the success of Shandrani. Beachcomber remains a well-paid group among others and Shandrani the best 5-star hotel. Decision The general determination from this research concludes that Shandrani Resorts and Spa is a successful 5 leading hotel in the Beachcomber group. The Human Resource is of strategic importance at Shandrani as it operates in touristry sector which is strictly labour intensive. Shandrani believes that Human resource is a cardinal economic resource and a scare one every bit good. Hence, Shandrani invests massively with the purpose to hold the right figure of employees with the right endowment and accomplishments in the occupation at the right clip executing the right activities to accomplish the right aim to carry through the corporate vision. Furthermore, people is non be seen as a cost to the organisation but as a valuable plus which should be trained and developed to acquire the best out of them. The building of an academy for the development and preparation of Shandrani forces reflects it. However there is struggle between quantitative and qualitative attack to HRP at Shandrani. Some p eople view HRP as a figure game designed to track flow of people across the sections. Therefore, these people take a quantitative attack to be aftering. Others take a qualitative attack and concentrate on single employee. But best consequences are accrued if there is a balance between the qualitative and quantitative approachesaˆÂ ¦ .

Bertrand Surname Meaning and Family History

Bertrand Surname Meaning and Family History A medieval French form of the given name Bertram, the Bertrand surname means bright raven, derived from the elements beraht, meaning bright or intelligent and hramn,  meaning raven. Bertrando is the Italian version of the surname. Bertrand is the 17th most common last name in France. Surname Origin: French Alternate Surname Spellings: BERTRAM, BERTRANDO Famous People with the Surname Bertrand Alexandre Bertrand -  French archaeologistJoseph Bertrand - French mathematicianAlexandre Jacques Franà §ois Bertrand  Ã‚  - French physician and mesmerist; father of Alexandre Bertrand and Joseph BertrandÉmile Bertrand - French mineralogist for whom bertrandite was namedAntoine de Bertrand - French Renaissance composerLouis Jacques Napolà ©on Bertrand (pen name  Aloysius Bertrand)  - French poet Where the Bertrand  Surname Is Most Common According to surname distribution from  Forebears, the Bertrand surname is most prevalent in France, where it ranks as the 21st most common last name in the country. Bertrand is also fairly common in Luxembourg, where it ranks 55th, as well as Belgium (107th) and Canada (252nd). It is almost twice as common today in the United States (ranked 2,667) as it was at the time of the 1880 census (5,258). Surname maps from  WorldNames PublicProfiler  demonstrate that the Bertrand surname is common throughout France, but is found in greatest numbers in the regions of Poitou-Charentes, Languedoc-Roussillon, Champagne-Ardenne, and Lorraine, as well as in nearby Wallonie, Belgium. Within the United States, Bertrand is, as you might expect, most common in Louisiana, while in Canada it is found in the greatest numbers in Quebec and the Northwest Territories. Genealogy Resources for the Surname Bertrand French Surname Meanings and Origins: Does your last name have origins in France? Learn about the various origins of French surnames and explore the meanings of some of the most common French last names.How to Research-French Ancestry: Learn about the various types of genealogical records available for researching ancestors in France and how to access them, plus how to locate where in France your ancestors originated.Bertrand Family Crest - Its Not What You Think: Contrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Bertrand  family crest or coat of arms for the Bertrand surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.BERTRAND  Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Bertrand  surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Bertrand query.FamilySearch - BERTR AND Genealogy: Explore over 500,000  results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Bertrand surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. DistantCousin.com - BERTRAND  Genealogy Family History: Explore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Bertrand.GeneaNet - Bertrand  Records: GeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Bertrand surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries.The Bertrand Genealogy and Family Tree Page: Browse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Bertrand  surname from the website of Genealogy Today. References Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

The Evolution Of The Individual In Hitchcocks Films Assignment

The Evolution Of The Individual In Hitchcocks Films - Assignment Example He took a similar story of false identity in North By Northwest and made a film that was much more lighthearted. Lifeboat and The Wrong Man showed how life could be tolerated and obstacles overcome through the strength of the community and the unity of the family. North By Northwest shows no concern for either of those themes and instead reveals how the individual can overcome even the most dangerous and helpless situation with wit and ingenuity. Lifeboat is the story of a varied group of survivors huddled on a boat after their ship was sunk. In his review when the film was released in 1944, Bosley Crowther in the New York Times describes the storyline of Lifeboat as â€Å"a theme which is startling in its broad implications, especially in this critical time.† Much as the country and all allied forces needed to pull together to win the great conflict, so, too, did the people on the boat have to sublimate their personal interests and prejudices to survive their ordeal. The group of survivors could not be more diverse. There were differences in age, gender, race, wealth, sophistication, even political belief. The whole group eventually learned to work together to overwhelm Willy, the one German on the boat. They acted like â€Å"a pack of wild dogs,† according to Francois Truffaut.   As the story progressed, the survivors on the boat changed to support the group. The most notable example of this was the character of Connie, a society columnist. The word snooty could be used to describe her attitude through most of the picture. But as Truffaut mentioned to Hitchcock during their discussions, â€Å"She becomes a human person. She abandons her accessories for the effort.† She gives up an expensive bracelet she was wearing to help lure a fish so that everyone can eat.

Social trends and issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Social trends and issues - Essay Example The ONS report (2011) states that London was the greatest growing region in England and Wales followed by three other regions growing at 8%. The population density of London is the highest in England and Wales at 52 persons per hectare. The male population in London is 4.0 Million while the female population is 4.1 million. The median age for the residents of London is 38.1 years. GLA intelligence reports show that there are over 50, people aged above 90 in London. The life expectance at birth in London improved to 82.3 years. The life expectancy at 65 increased by 2 months this indicates an improvement in the health of the population. It is evident that London’s population is the youngest than other regions in the UK. There are over 300 languages spoken in London. The age structure of London is not similar to that of England as a whole. London has a greater proportion of people aged between 20 and 44. Data illustrates that in inner London people aged 20 and 44 represent 48% of the population and in outer London people aged 20and 44 make up 39% of the population. When we compare these figures to the rest of England, it is higher because in England the people aged between 20 and 44 make up 35% of the population. The age structure of London shows children aged five and below make up 8.5% of the population whereas people aged 65+ makes up 11% of the population. The ONS state that London has the highest proportion of young children. When we compare 2001 and 2011 data, it is evident that in London the number of children under 5 increased by 24%. Data shows that the residents of London aged 15-64 increased by 13.5% since 2001. This is the largest increase in England and Wales. The ONS report explains that areas that have a high population of 65+ hav e fewer births and more deaths this explain their slow growth rates. The population growth rate in London is due to the high numbers of birth and low deaths (London.gov.uk, 2011). The ONS states that the

Innovation, Creativity and Enterprise in Markets Essay - 5

Innovation, Creativity and Enterprise in Markets - Essay Example This essay focuses on Google company that is a very successful modern and innovative company because it excels in the three fields of innovation, entrepreneurial skills, and developing opportunities. Its business success is probably unprecedented, that's why the researcher explored the company in the essay. Google has grown into a multi-billion dollar industry in just over 13 years. The researcher investigates Google’s business history and their key strategies from the perspective of three ways, such as their innovative strategies, their partnerships, and acquisitions. This strategies have given them an edge and made this organisation such an amazing success story. It is hard to squeeze Google into management theories because it only innovates; that is how it runs its operations and finances. Marketing theories are based on creating/selling products that people demand, whereas at Google, employees work hard to create something new that is good enough to create its own demand. Additionally, when a multi-billion dollar company such as Google hunts for venture capital investment from anywhere and everywhere around the globe, it shows it operations by its own rules and does not fit into any orthodox management theories. No one can contest its business operations because of the entrepreneurial achievements for which it is known. After discussing Google from the three aspects stated above, this essay draws solid conclusions as to what can be deduced from the discussion and analysis.

Most famous plays

Most famous plays In the Prologue, line six, Shakespeare tells his audience that A pair of star-crossd lovers take their life. How far does Shakespeare prepare his audience for the tragic end of Romeo and Juliet? It is well known that the story of Romeo and Juliet is probably the most famous love story ever written. The tragic ending of the story is equally well known. Romeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeares most famous plays. It is the story of two star crossd lovers from conflicting families. The audience follow them as they fall in love and go to extreme lengths to be together. The story ends with the tragic death of the two lovers which brings together the two families in their grief. This storys ending differs from the typical traditional love story fairytale type ending along the lines of .. and then, they all lived happily ever after. The End. That type of ending leaves an audience feeling good at the end because it contains the feel good factor a happy ending. It is the lack of this usual type of feel good factor in Romeo and Juliet which makes it necessary for Shakespeare to prepare his audience for the comparatively harsh ending of the story. To prepare the audience for the tragic ending Shakespeare makes extensive use of the literary technique of foreshadowing in which he drops hints about the plot developments to come later in the play. By clever use of foreshadowing, Shakespeare is able to successfully manipulate the audience. The overall structure of the plays an important part in preparing the audience for the tragic outcome. Most people are aware of the notion that first impressions are important. Shakespeare takes advantage of this concept in presenting Romeo and Juliet to the audience. Shakespeare takes into consideration the strong impact of first impressions in constructing the structure the play. It is obvious that he carefully chose what order to put the events in and which bits to highlight, for maximum effect. Evidence of this can be seen in the key situations involving first impressions the plays introduction, the nature of the opening scene, Romeos first appearance and the lovers first meeting and conversation. In all of these, the sense of foreboding is always present. At the beginning of the play, the audience are likely to be open minded because they are eager to watch the play. Due to this they are likely to be more impressionable at this stage than in later stages in the play. Romeo and Juliet opens with a prologue. The obvious purpose of the Prologue is to introduce the play to the audience. However, it also has a more significant and deeper function. The chorus is the most obvious example of dramatic irony in Romeo and Juliet -the whole play is watched by the audience whilst knowing the plot and the ending. The Prologue sets the scene for the story and states the climax of its plot and whilst doing so gives away its ending. This starts the atmosphere of foreboding. In summary, the Prologue tells us that the stars control the lives of Romeo and Juliet, and that they are doomed to die because the stars are against them. The Prologue refers to an ill-fated couple using the metaphor star-crossd, which literally means against the stars. This is very significant since at the time that the play was written, it was a common belief that the stars controlled peoples destinies. So the Prologue itself is responsible for creating this sense of fate by informing the audience so very early on that Romeo and Juliet will die and this is done even before the play has begun! Consequently, the audience will then watch the play expecting the conditions set by the Prologue to be fulfilled. It seems that the fate from which Romeo and Juliet cant escape is in fact the structure of the play itself. To be exact, it has to be said that the Prologue is not foreshadowing since foreshadowing only hints at precise what will happen later on, whereas the Chorus in the Prologue actually tells outright what is to come rather than just hint at it. The second verse of the Chorus sonnet actually summarises the plot of the play: From forth the fatal loins of these two foes A pair of star-crossd lovers take their life; Whose misadventured piteous overthrows Do with their death bury their parents strife (Prologue 5-8) The fact that the next verse repeats the same message indicates that Shakespeare was determined to ensure that this message got impressed upon the audience very early on, in order to ensure that the foreshadowing which follows later on in the play would be heeded by them. So it is apparent that Shakespeare was intent on leading the audience to expect a tragic outcome right from the beginning. Even though it starts off as a light comedy, the overall impression created by the opening scene is that of a hostile atmosphere created by violence and conflict. The violent focus of the opening scene has a powerful visual impact on the audience. Since the play is about a conflict between love and hate, by introducing the hate in the opening scene, Shakespeare highlights the hate which is going to be opposed to the love. This does not bode well for the love story which is to follow, which the audience are anticipating. This kind of a start is unlikely to lead to a happy and peaceful ending. It seems to suggest that similar unpleasant situations may follow. Furthermore, this introduction to violence and conflict so early on serves to ensure that the audience become accustomed to unpleasant situations. So, right from the start the audience is being familiarised with the concept of conflict or threat so that the seeds of the unhappy ending are being sown. When Romeo makes his first appearance he comes across as a lovesick rejected lover who is depressed and wallowing in self pity. As he reflects on love and hate, the oxymorons he uses to describe his feelings make him seem to be in love with the idea of being in love. Why then, O brawling love, O loving hate, O any thing of nothing first create! O heavy lightness, serious vanity, Misshapen chaos of well-seeming forms, Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health, Still-waking sleep, that is not what it is! This love feel I, that feel no love in this. Shakespeare has put together contradictory words to convey the turmoil that love is causing Romeo. His reflection begins with two oxymorons, setting brawling versus love, and loving versus hate. He is portrayed as being a romantic dreamer and someone who is led by his feelings. We see a man who gets deeply affected by love. His use of language stresses the confusion in his mind and the fact that love has two sides. This has the effect of creating a sense of conflict around the subject of love and this is before he even meets Juliet! Furthermore, it sets off a sense of foreboding around the subject of love. The first impression created by the lovers meeting is that despite the sweetness of the encounter, the sense of foreboding continues to linger on. This is because even whilst the lovers are using the language of love and wooing each other, the atmosphere of foreboding is ever present because of the actual references to death that they both make during that period. Another device which Shakespeare uses to prepare the audience for the tragic outcome is that he weaves an underlying thread of foreboding throughout the play. The various factors which contribute to the build up of the sense of foreboding in the play include the extensive use of dramatic irony, frequent and persistent references to fate and death, references to the darker side of love and the occurrences of violence and conflict. In the following part of this essay I will detail the various methods which Shakespeare uses to successfully weave foreboding throughout the play. Right at the start, the Chorus mentions a pair of star-crossed lovers (line 6) and thereafter there are repeated ominous hints that Romeo and Juliet are fated to die. Even before Romeo has met Juliet, as he is about to join Capulets party, he has a premonition: my mind misgives Some consequence, yet hanging in the stars, Shall bitterly begin his fearful date With this nights revels and expire the term Of a despised life, closed in my breast, By some vile forfeit of untimely death (1.4.106-11) Shakespeare introduces a note of foreboding just as Romeo is about to meet Juliet for the first s time by hinting that he is going to develop into a tragic character. With the words of the Chorus still fresh in the minds of the audience, hearing these words from Romeo would remind them of the terms set by the prologue. Romeos words foreshadow what actually happens in the rest of the play. A chain of events does begin night, and that chain of events does lead to Romeos early death. Just after they have met, each lover has a similar foreboding that this love will have a fated disastrous ending. When Benvolio says to Romeo; Away, be gone. The sport is at the best, Romeo replies, Ay, so I fear (1.5.119-20), which reveals that he is worried that things can only get worse from now on. When Juliet realises that Romeo is a Montague (an enemy), she says; Prodigious birth of love it is to me That I must love a loathed enemy (1.5. 140-1)) The fact that she links this moment of meeting in terms of both birth and death does not bode well for the future of their love. Referring to Romeo, Juliet says; If he be married. My grave is like to be my wedding bed (1.5. 135). She is implying that if Romeo is married, she will be likely to die unmarried, because she will not marry anyone else. However, she is unknowingly foreshadowing her future, in which her grave does end up becoming her wedding bed. Her remark starts off the many associations of love and death in the play. So, from its very first appearance in the play, the love between Romeo and Juliet is portrayed as being doomed. When Romeo goes to marry Juliet, he throws a challenge to fate; Do thou but close our hands with holy words. Then love-devouring death do what he dare. (2.6.6-7). An Elizabethan audience would have considered this act of Romeos to be very ominous. They would have been likely to expect fate to rise to such a challenge and end up being the winner. Romeos words foreshadow what actually happens because love-devouring death arrives very soon after the wedding. When Juliet shows concern for Romeos safety, Romeo assures her that its ok if her kinsmen find him, because his; life were better ended by their hate. Then death prorogued wanting of thy love ( 2.2.77-78). Romeo means that hed much rather have her love and die on the spot, than not have her love and die later. He does get her love, and that love leads to his death. When Romeo leaps down from Juliets window and the lovers are exchanging their final farewells, Juliet has a premonition: Methinks I see thee, now thou art below, As one dead in the bottom of a tomb. Either my eyesight fails, or thou lookst pale (3.5.55-57). Sadly, Juliet is foreshadowing the fact that the next time she sees Romeo he will be dead in a tomb. Later on in the play, Romeo mentions a dream in which he; dreamt my lady came and found me dead (V.1.6). This further builds upon the foreboding nature of Juliets vision. Juliet pleads with her mother to help her avoid the marriage to Paris saying that if she wont help her then she should, ..make the bridal bed In that dim monument where Tybalt lies (3.5.198-201) Juliets implication that she would rather die than marry Paris foreshadows the fact that by the end of the play she will be sleeping with her husband in that dim monument where Tybalt lies. Juliet then asks the Friar to help her to avoid marrying Paris. She says, the Friar could, hide me nightly in a charnel-house, Oer -coverd quite with dead mens rattling bones, With reeky shanks and yellow chapless skulls, Or Bid me go into a new-made grave And hide me with a dead man in his shroud, (4.1.81-88) Juliets description foreshadows the fact that she does hide in a charnel house, and Tybalt will be the dead man in his shroud. It is not only Romeo and Juliet who foreshadow their own deaths the words used by all around them also hint at their tragic ending. At the feast, Tybalt makes a promise to himself that he will make Romeo pay for coming to the feast. He says; I will withdraw, but this intrusion shall Now seeming sweet convert to bitter gall (1.5.91-92). The word gall can mean an extremely bitter substance, and it can also mean poison. This hints that Romeos sweet love for Juliet will lead to his death by poison. The Friar reflects that there is some good in every plant and mineral, even if it is dangerous. However, theres nothing so good; but, straind (wrenched) from that fair use, Revolts from true birth (natural goodness), stumbling on abuse (2.3.19-20) So, Virtue itself turns vice, being misapplied and vice (is) sometimes by action dignified (2.3.21-22). The Friar thinks that the powers of nature need to be used carefully: there can be danger in too much of a good thing, and good can sometimes come out of something bad. The Friars words reflect the nature of many of the events which follow, for example, the love (a good thing) of Romeo and Juliet brings them death ( a bad thing), and their death (a bad thing) brings an end to the feud between the Montagues and Capulets ( a good thing). There is a certain type of recurring remark encouraging the audience to associate death with Juliet, which is particularly effective in building the sense of foreboding and darkening the atmosphere of the play. Over and over again Shakespeare introduces the idea that Juliet will be the bride of Death. I think that the most powerful personification in the play is the image of Death as Juliets husband-bridegroom. It recurs in different forms. Juliet herself first speaks like this the moment after she has first met Romeo: Go ask his name. If he be married, My grave is like to be my wedding bed (1.5.134-5). After hearing of Romeos banishment she looks at the ropes which he would have used to gain access to her room, and says: He made you for a highway to my bed, But I, a maid, die maiden-widowed. Come, cords. Come, Nurse. Ill to my wedding bed, And death, not Romeo, take my maidenhead. (111.1.134-7) Her mother also encourages the audience to think in this way about Juliet. When Juliet refuses to marry Paris, an angry Lady Capulet remarks, I would the fool were married to her grave (111.5.140), Juliets father, Capulet, speaks in a similar way when he thinks Juliet is dead: Death is my son-in-law. Death is my heir. My daughter he hath wedded. I will die And leave him all. Life, living, all is deaths. (1V.5.38-40) When Romeo sees Juliet in the tomb, he thinks that Death loves her; .. Ah, dear Juliet, Why art thou yet so fair? Shall I believe That unsubstantial death is amorous, And that the lean abhorred monster keeps Thee here in dark to be his paramour? (V.3.101-5) Remarks like these lead the audience to closely associate death with Juliet so that when she does finally die, they are not too badly affected. They also ensure that death is always in the back of the minds of the audience; they encourage us to expect it to be the result of the lovers affair and so impress on us the hopelessness of their situation. Throughout the play, it is made very obvious that the lovers are doomed the audience are led to believe that they do have to die. A horrible succession of coincidences destroys them. The events which contribute to the outcome of the lovers deaths, such as the feud between the two families, the series of accidents that spoil the Friars plans and the tragic timing of Romeos suicide and Juliets awakening, all seem to be the work of the cruel hands of fate. The audience are given the impression that circumstances are constantly arranged to work against them. If any one of the many coincidences had been different, then the tragedy would have been avoided. Romeo and Juliet are shown to be the victims of those circumstances. These coincidences have an important dramatic purpose: the fact that things keep going against the lovers creates the impression that an outside force of some sort is at work. The audience is repeatedly given the impression of fate as an outside force working against t he lovers. They are often portrayed as not being responsible for their fates. This view is encouraged by Shakespeare throughout the play and it leads the audience to pity the lovers. There are many suggestions in the play that the deaths were determined by fate. Throughout the play there are numerous references to the inevitability of the tragedy, for example star-crossed (Prologue, line 6), the yoke of inauspicious stars (V.3. 111). No matter how hard the lovers may try to overcome the obstacles in their way, the audience is left in no doubt that fate will win in the end. Both Romeo and Juliet make references to an outside power which they believe is shaping their lives. They speak of themselves as the innocent victims of that power. After killing Tybalt, Romeo exclaims; O, I am fortunes fool (111.1.136 Then later he refers to himself as a betossed soul (V.3.76), suggesting that he feels like a helpless ship in a storm, being blown here and there by fate. And when Juliet learns that she must marry Paris she feels upset and exclaims; Alack, alack, that heaven should practise stratagems Upon so soft a subject as myself! (111.5.210-11). She sees herself as a weak victim of the schemes of fate. On hearing the news of Juliets death, Romeo angrily cries; I defy you, stars (V.1.24) This indicates that he believes fate to be responsible for her death. As Romeo looks at the dead body of Paris, he thinks of the two of them as the victims of circumstances, both written; in sour misfortunes book (V.3.111-12) The Friar, realising that his plan had failed, tells Juliet that there was nothing he could do against the fate which seems to have worked against the lovers: A greater power than we can contradict Hath thwarted our intents (V.3.153-4). The frequent and persistent references to fate throughout the play collectively suggest that destiny will win in the end. They serve to create the impression that the lovers are at the mercy of fate. Shakespeare portrays the love between Romeo and Juliet as being ideal. However, he doesnt just show love as being ideal he shows that love has a darker side too. The references to the darker side of love create an atmosphere of foreboding and remind the audience of the words of the Prologue. When Romeo is in love with Rosaline and being moody, Benvolio teases him, saying: Why, Romeo, art thou mad? Here love is shown as a kind of madness. The Friar thinks that Romeo should control his feelings and be less hasty and impetuous. He advises Romeo to be cautious: Wisely and slow. They stumble that run fast (11.3.90). Furthermore, he warns Romeo against being too passionate: These violent delights have violent ends. And in their triumph die, like fire and powder, Which as they kiss consume. (11.6.9-11) His words are tragically prophetic of the deaths of the lovers. He tells Romeo: love moderately, long love doth so, (11.6.14-15) Clearly, the lovers dont follow his advice. Romeo is too passionate and rushes into whatever his feelings lead him to. He rushes into love with Juliet, rushes into marriage, he kills Tybalt without stopping to think, and after hearing of Juliets death he rushes back to Verona to kill himself. If he had slowed down, and thought about what he was doing, the deaths might have been avoided. The romantic love of Romeo and Juliet leads to their deaths because they act without thinking of the consequences. And the result is that they die. To an Elizabethan audience it would have been plainer than to a modern audience that the lovers were wrong to marry in secret without the consent of their parents. In a way even the feud is based on love. After the fight in Act 1, Romeo says: Heres much to do with hate, but more to do with love. (1.1.167) The violence of the feud is caused by the love and loyalty the Montagues and Capulets feel for their families The negative aspects of love show that love can be destructive and dangerous. This creates an air of foreboding. The occurrences of violence and conflict in the play help the audience to become used to unpleasant situations. The many different forms of conflict in Romeo and Juliet include those between: Montague and Capulet, love and hate, the bridal bed and the grave Shakespeare often uses antithesis to highlight the sense of conflict by using opposites. In this way the conflict is expressed in a more powerful way. For example, there are at least fifteen antitheses contained in Friar Lawrences first speech (11.3.1-30), as he reflects on the potential for good or evil in all living things ( baleful weeds versus precious-juiced flowers, tomb against womb, Virtue against vice, ..). Another example of contrasting antitheses is the speech in which Capulet grieves for Juliet (1V.5, 84-90). He powerfully contrasts the happy preparations for the intended wedding with the mourning rites for her death. The first two lines set festival versus funeral: All things that we ordained festival, Turn from their office to black funeral Sometimes Shakespeare uses a special kind of antithesis called an oxymoron in which two contradictory words are placed next to each other. For example, Shakespeare uses the oxymoron sweet sorrow in order to effectively express Juliets conflicting emotions when she and Romeo are about to part, Parting is such sweet sorrow The oxymoron sweet sorrow intensifies the conflict felt by Juliet at being sad to leave Romeo (sorrow) and yet excited (sweet) because she will be seeing him again. It allows a lot of information to be conveyed to the audience with a few words. It allows Juliets conflicting emotions to be conveyed to the audience in a very powerful way with just a few words. After hearing of Tybalts death, Juliet strings together a list of oxymorons (111.2.75). Shakespeare uses the verbal conflict in these words of opposite meanings to very effectively reflect Juliets emotional conflict: she loves Romeo and yet is appalled at what he has done in killing Tybalt. To express the confusion of her feelings, when Juliets fears that Romeo is dead, she puns on the pronoun I, the vowel i , the eye and the word ay(111.2.45-50). Her lines very effectively convey that if Romeo is dead then she too stops existing as a person as an I. In Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare makes skillful use of language to influence the audience. He uses vivid words and phrases to create imagery which helps to stimulate the audiences imagination to stir up mental pictures which are emotionally charged. For example, Chorus uses powerful metaphors to suggest what will become of the lovers in referring to them as star-crossed and their love as being death-marked. Shakespeare also uses imagery to deepen the dramatic impact of particular moments or moods. All of Shakespeares imagery uses metaphor, simile or personification. Those which refer to death have a particularly powerful affect on the audience. This is because death is such a feared subject by everyone that its mention immediately has a strong impact. When I was watching the play, the personification which affected me in the most powerful way was that of the image of Death as Juliets husband-bridegroom. The atmosphere of the play plays an important part in influencing the audience. The general mood changes throughout the play, going from romantic to comic to violent to tragic. Apart from letting the audience know that its a tragedy in the Prologue and thereafter frequently reminding them of that fact, the general mood is kept relatively light in the first two acts. However, Act 3 starts with violence and death and then from thereon the atmosphere gets bleak as the events accelerate towards tragedy. The bleak atmosphere helps to make the tragic event more acceptable because it prevents the tragedy from having a shocking effect on the audience. One of the methods which Shakespeare uses to appropriately vary the atmosphere of the play is by using the scene settings to create certain moods. The settings of a scene help to give each scene the right type of atmosphere. The final scene is set at night in a graveyard and tomb. Its a suitably gloomy and morbid setting for the tragic ending of the play and it helps the audience to anticipate and accept the tragedy. Shakespeare also uses language to create atmosphere. For example, Juliet reflects on the conditions inside the tomb before she takes the potion; Where bloody Tybalt, yet but green in earth , Lies festering in his shroud, where, as they say, At some hours in the night spirits resort (4.3.42-44) This death-fixated language and imagery very effectively creates a really spooky and morbid atmosphere which is very appropriate at that point in the play. In Romeo and Juliet everything happens in one week between a Sunday and a Thursday. Since the coincidences happen within this very short time-frame, it gives the audience the impression that events are speeding towards tragedy. This makes the situation feel increasingly desperate which creates tension in the play. Events seem to happen in a rush, sweeping Romeo and Juliet along with them. The audience get drawn in by the terrible logic of how things go wrong and cant help being swept along with them because there is a sort of morbid fascination in watching it happen. Due to the fact that every thing in the play seems to happen at great speed, I felt as though I was rushed along and the death of the lovers didnt have as strong a sad impact on me as it would have had if the pace had been slower. I felt as though I wasnt given enough time to feel bad. In order to soften the impact on the audience of the plays tragic conclusion (so that they dont end up feeling thoroughly depressed and/or traumatised), Shakespeare prepares the audience for the eventual outcome well before they arrive at that sad point. Throughout the play there are numerous references to the inevitability of the tragedy. From the very beginning of the play, throughout it, and right to the end, Shakespeare uses a variety of methods to make it blatantly obvious that his intent with this play is that of a tragedy and he uses a lot of dramatic irony to convey this. This is necessary to ensure that when the audience do eventually encounter the dreadful outcome, they dont become overwhelmed, although they may be saddened. He ensures that by the end of the play the audience have come to terms with the fact that that the lovers will die they were introduced to that concept from the start of the play, and thereafter frequently and persistently reminded of it. They are able to accept it and deal with it comfortably because they have been well prepared for it. The fact that the play did not end with the deaths of Romeo and Juliet made the tragedy more acceptable to me. This is because their deaths were not in vain. The Prince had tried to stop the feuding, but failed. The Friar hoped that the marriage of the lovers might unite the families, but his scheme went wrong. So, neither the Church (the Friar) nor the State (the Prince) were able to end the feud. But the love of Romeo and Juliet was able to end the feud. Their love was so great that it united their families. So, the play ends not with the deaths of Romeo and Juliet but with an end to the feud as a result of their deaths. The deaths of Romeo and Juliet will bring peace to Verona. I dont think that I would have enjoyed the play if it had ended with the deaths. It would have been too negative. I like fact that the play ends on a positive note that of love healing old wounds. It seems that the Friar was right sometimes, something good can come out of something bad.